Surface water pollution

A comprehensive water safety plan for Kilinochchi Dri Aaru water supply scheme

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT

A comprehensive water safety plan for Kilinochchi Dri Aaru water supply scheme Rishanth, J.; Amsathvany, K.; Ketheesan, B. The safe drinking water is essential to human health but water borne disease is one of the major health problems worldwide. In Asian countries, safe drinking water supply at household lever is limited and the rural area people use drinking water from unprotected wells, springs and surface water without any treatment. Due to this reason, World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the water safety plan to assure the safe drinking water to all. Specially, in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, a comprehensive water safety plan has never been practised. However, there is an essential for a water safety plan to ensure the safety of drinking water through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. This research study focused on preparing a comprehensive water safety plan in wet season for Kilinochchi Dri aaru water supply scheme with the risk analysis of potential contaminants, physical hazards and chemical hazards at catchment level, treatment level and distribution level. A number of water quality parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, temperature, total iron, total phosphate, total nitrate, total nitrite, total sulphate, total fluoride, free chlorine and turbidity were measured. The results showed that deviation of total iron and total phosphate are slightly above the standard level as prescribed by WHO but the level of salinity is identified as 150 ppm whereas it should have been 40 ppm. So, it was concluded salinity is the main factor that affects drinking water quality. The sources of potential contaminant were also identified with the point of contamination.

Assesment of water quality and pollution leval at kakaitheevu lagoon of Jaffna district,Northern Sri Lanka.

Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT

Assesment of water quality and pollution leval at kakaitheevu lagoon of Jaffna district,Northern Sri Lanka. Senthuran, L.; Sivashanthini, K.; Thavarangith, A.C.; Sutharsiny, S. The present study was carried out to investigate the water quality and pollution levels at Kakaithivu Lagoon of Jaffna district. Water samples were collected from 8 locations of the Kakaithivu Lagoon. Monthly samplings were made from October 2012 to March 2013 at different depths from ½ to 6½ Feet. The physicochemical and biological parameters for collected water samples were tested using standard methods. Temperature varied from 27 to 30 °C (28.13 0.96°C), pH from 7.07 to 8.83 (7.99 ± 0.43), Electrical conductivity from 41900 to 68100 (56435.42 ± 7470.30 uscm), salinity from 25 to 40 (33.67.± 5.43ppt) and turbidity from 3.2 to 8.42 (4.61± 1.83 NTU). The results obtained were compared with the general coastal water quality standards as per the literature. The Kakaithivu Lagoon water characterized significantly low amount of dissolved oxygen (1.3 to 3.9; 2.68 ± 0.74 mgL1), high amount of total dissolved solids (26816-43584; 36118.67 ± 4780.99 mgL'), high biological oxygen demand (221; 7.2 ± 4.7 mgL), high phosphate (from undetermined to 5.01; 2.78±1.72 mgL") and high nitrates (6.00 - 14.00; 8.85 ± 2.48 mgL ¹), indicating nutrient pollution. Biological oxygen demand exceeded the recommended quality standard. MPN value of faecal coliforms (04 - 92; 26.88 25.55 MPN/100ml) exceeded the recommended standards. The total dlissolved solids, turbidity, phosphate content and fecal coliform were ignificantly different (P<0.05) among the 8 locations throughout the study eriod. Dissolve oxygen and Biological oxygen demand were not significantly (P>0.05) varied among the locations in the month of October and December while significantly different (P<0.05) across the locations during the month of January, February and March. Nitrate content not raried significantly (P>0.05) across the locations during the month of October and significantly varied (P<0.05) across the locations during the month of November, December, January, February and March. Results of the present study revealed that the water quality of the Kaikaithivu Lagoon impacted by nutrient pollution and microbial contamination. Therefore awareness among the public has to be made and appropriate remedial neasures has to be implemented to restore the present situation at the Kakkaitivu lagoon.

Water Quality Assessment of the Pond “Ariyakulam”, Jaffna - A view through Correlation Study and Regression Analysis.

Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT

Water Quality Assessment of the Pond “Ariyakulam”, Jaffna - A view through Correlation Study and Regression Analysis. Rajasingham, A.; Sivaruban, A. The present study was designed to assess the physico-chemical status of the pond “Ariyakulam”, to compare its status with surface water quality standards and quantify the impacts of these parameters on each other through the regression and correlation coefficient methods. Eleven selected parameters such as Air Temperature (AT), Water Temperature (WT), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Salinity, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -),Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) were taken for the analyses. Though the pond covers approximately an area of 12,000 m2 located in a historical place, proper maintenance is lacking and the preservation of the beauty of this water body is largely neglected. Water samples were collected twice a month for a period of 8 months from August 2016 to January 2017 and then January to February, 2018 from 0700 to 0800 hrs in eight locations within the pond. The values of TDS, DO, EC, and NH4+ indicated that the pond “Ariyakulam” was in polluted state. The correlation coefficient values and regression analysis methods revealed the relationship among the parameters. The results from these methods demonstrate a user friendly measure for a rapid water quality assessment and continuous monitoring programmes.

Preliminary Study of Major Zooplankton's Abundance in Polluted and Non Polluted Locations of Vavuniya Tank and Ariyakulam Pond.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT

Preliminary Study of Major Zooplankton's Abundance in Polluted and Non Polluted Locations of Vavuniya Tank and Ariyakulam Pond. Patrick, A,E,S.; Kadotgasan, J. M.; Naveendrakumar, G. The influence of pollution effects on the abundance of major zooplanktons like Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda were investigated at polluted and non polluted locations of two different fresh water bodies; Vavuniya tank (in between 8°45'13.75-59.23" latitude and 80°30'7.50-53.21" longitude) in the Vavuniya District and Ariyakulam pond (in between 9°40'3.09-7.98" latitude and 80° 1'6.77-10.47" longitude) in the Jaffna District was chosen; the polluted and non polluted locations were identified by measuring the BOD,; during the period from December 2010 to February 2011. The Vavuniya tank (0.6 km²) is perennial and more productive by means of its inland capture fisheries and irrigation, while Ariyakulam (0.015 km²) is ephemeral and not used for fisheries or irrigation. Water samples were collected in the littoral zones. As these locations are densely packed with vegetations, sieve-set (50μm) were used to filter the water samples, preserved with 10% Ethanol and taken to the laboratory for qualitative and quantitative analysis, under the low-power of light microscope. Sedgewick-Rafter cell was used to estimate the zooplankton abundance as individuals/m³. The zooplankton community structure in the non polluted locations of both water bodies were Rotifera > Cladocerans > Copepods. Vavuniya tank leads the Ariyakulum in the entire zooplankton community structure. Especially the abundance of Rotifer was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Vavuniya tank than Ariyakulam. Comparison of the Rotifera abundance within the Vavuniya tank, indicates that it was significantly higher (p<0.05) abundance in non polluted location than polluted location. The second largest abundance goes to Cladocera in the non polluted locations of both water bodies where Vavuniya tank (11786±7116) leads the Ariyakulam (4683±1933). On the contrary, Ariyakulam (4418+517) leads the Vavuniya tank (1904±1833) in both polluted locations. The abundance of Copepods was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the polluted location of the Vavuniya tank, when compared to the polluted location of the Ariyakulam. As it was a preliminary study, the future studies needed to investigate the influence of other biotic and abiotic factors on the zooplankton community structure and abundance in water bodies.